Acanthocytosis

Etiology:

Liver disease: End-stage cirrhosis alters RBC membrane lipids

Neuroacanthocytosis syndromes (e.g., McLeod syndrome, abetalipoproteinemia)

Lipid metabolism disorders

  1. Pathogenesis:

Defective RBC membrane lipids → spiky, irregularly shaped RBCs (acanthocytes)

These cells are rigid and prone to splenic destruction

Leads to hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly

  1. Clinical Features:

Anemia: Fatigue, pallor, weakness

Jaundice (due to hemolysis)

Neurologic symptoms: In neuroacanthocytosis (e.g., dystonia, chorea)

Fat malabsorption: In abetalipoproteinemia (steatorrhea, vitamin deficiencies)

  1. Treatment:

Treat underlying cause (e.g., manage liver disease, nutritional supplementation)

Vitamin E supplementation (if due to lipid metabolism disorder)

Supportive therapy (blood transfusions in severe cases)

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